Command Line Tools
top
- The top command actively monitors processes on a machine.
- Displays CPU and memory utilization.
- Processes consuming CPU and memory resources.
- PID is the process ID of a task.
- Example of running top on the U2 front-end machine.
top - 11:43:01 up 8 days, 3:29, 66 users, load average: 0.44, 0.38, 0.87
Tasks: 407 total, 1 running, 401 sleeping, 3 stopped, 2 zombie
Cpu(s): 5.0% us, 1.1% sy, 0.0% ni, 92.9% id, 0.9% wa, 0.0% hi, 0.2% si
Mem: 4045144k total, 2302052k used, 1743092k free, 5996k buffers
Swap: 8193140k total, 861336k used, 7331804k free, 488456k cached
PID USER PR NI %CPU TIME+ %MEM VIRT RES SHR S COMMAND
9514 root 16 0 9 206:47.32 0.7 35496 25m 1384 S pbs_server
19770 user1 15 0 4 3:13.07 2.4 335m 96m 20m S firefox-bin
24126 user2 16 0 1 62:49.60 0.0 57600 1572 1000 S sshd
16524 user3 16 0 1 0:00.04 0.0 5560 1344 816 R top
2138 user4 16 0 0 0:15.33 0.1 57576 2328 1280 S sshd
4495 root 16 0 0 223:20.70 0.4 66384 15m 816 S fm_server
10493 user4 16 0 0 3:30.97 0.0 58008 1928 1200 S sshd
15988 user5 15 0 0 0:00.04 0.0 53244 1516 1104 S bash
1 root 15 0 0 0:02.87 0.0 4756 464 432 S init
2 root RT 0 0 0:03.22 0.0 0 0 0 S migration/0
3 root 34 19 0 0:02.78 0.0 0 0 0 S ksoftirqd/0
4 root RT 0 0 0:02.61 0.0 0 0 0 S migration/1
5 root 34 19 0 0:00.47 0.0 0 0 0 S ksoftirqd/1
6 root RT 0 0 0:03.18 0.0 0 0 0 S migration/2
7 root 34 19 0 0:00.82 0.0 0 0 0 S ksoftirqd/2
8 root RT 0 0 0:02.87 0.0 0 0 0 S migration/3
9 root 34 19 0 0:00.58 0.0 0 0 0 S ksoftirqd/3
Using the Unix Pipe
- A pipe is used to allow the output of one command to be sent as input to another comand.
- The pipe is represented with | (shift backslash key)
grep
- The grep command searches for a pattern.
- Example that counts occurrences of a text in a file:
[bono:~/pbs-examples]$ grep c06 nodelist c06n19 c06n16 c06n02 [bono:~/pbs-examples]$ grep c06 nodelist | wc -l 3 [bono:~/pbs-examples]$
file
- The file command determines the file type.
[bono:~/pbs-examples]$ file cpi.c
cpi.c: ASCII C program text
[bono:~/pbs-examples]$ file cpi-intel-9.1
cpi-intel-9.1: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, AMD x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), for GNU/Linux 2.4.0, dynamically linked (uses shared libs), not stripped
[bono:~/pbs-examples]$
ldd
- The ldd command will show the shared library dependencies.
[bono:~/pbs-examples]$ ldd cpi-intel-9.1
libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/tls/libpthread.so.0 (0x000000317dd00000)
librt.so.1 => /lib64/tls/librt.so.1 (0x000000317eb00000)
libm.so.6 => /lib64/tls/libm.so.6 (0x000000317d700000)
libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib64/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x000000317e900000)
libc.so.6 => /lib64/tls/libc.so.6 (0x000000317d400000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x000000317d900000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x000000317d200000)
[bono:~/pbs-examples]$
nm
- The nm command lists symbols from an object file
- piped through more
[bono:~/pbs-examples]$ nm cpi-intel-9.1 | more 0000000000440c70 r _2il0floatpacket.1 0000000000440eb0 r _2il0floatpacket.1 0000000000444470 r _2il0floatpacket.1 00000000004445d8 r _2il0floatpacket.1 0000000000447ce8 r _2il0floatpacket.1 0000000000448498 r _2il0floatpacket.1 000000000044a3f0 r _2il0floatpacket.1 0000000000440c78 r _2il0floatpacket.2 0000000000444480 r _2il0floatpacket.2 00000000004445e0 r _2il0floatpacket.2 000000000044a400 r _2il0floatpacket.2 0000000000440c80 r _2il0floatpacket.3 0000000000444490 r _2il0floatpacket.3 00000000004445e8 r _2il0floatpacket.3 000000000044a410 r _2il0floatpacket.3 0000000000440c88 r _2il0floatpacket.4 000000000044a420 r _2il0floatpacket.4 0000000000440c60 r _2il0floatpacket.5 0000000000440c90 r _2il0floatpacket.6 0000000000440c98 r _2il0floatpacket.7 000000000043f7ca t A0Q0 000000000043f7c6 t A0Q1 --More--
- nm used to display references to MPI
[bono:~/pbs-examples]$ nm cpi-intel-9.1 | grep -i mpi | more 0000000000409d88 T MPI_Attr_get 000000000040a40c T MPI_Attr_put 000000000040b724 T MPI_Barrier 000000000040b800 T MPI_Bcast 00000000004290c8 T MPI_Cancel 0000000000564a98 B MPICHX_QOS_BANDWIDTH 0000000000564a9c B MPICHX_QOS_PARAMETERS 000000000040ab78 T MPI_Comm_free 000000000040adc0 T MPI_Comm_rank 000000000040ae64 T MPI_Comm_set_name 000000000040b034 T MPI_Comm_size 0000000000422a8e T MPID_Abort 0000000000426b02 T MPID_ArgSqueeze 0000000000433a2a T MPID_BsendContig 00000000004237c8 T MPID_BSwap_N_copy 00000000004238ce T MPID_BSwap_N_inplace 0000000000571088 B MPID_byte_order 0000000000425416 T MPID_ByteSwapInt 000000000042495c T MPID_Cancel_print_pkt 0000000000425012 T MPID_CH_Abort 0000000000438174 T MPID_CH_Check_incoming 00000000004252e4 T MPID_CH_Comm_msgrep --More--
ps
- The ps command shows a snapshot of the current processes on the system
- The -ef flags will show all processes in full display.
- The use of a pipe and grep can be used to refine the output.
[bono:~/pbs-examples]$ ps -ef | grep user1 root 10651 4272 0 16:09 ? 00:00:00 sshd: user1 [priv] user1 10723 10651 0 16:09 ? 00:00:00 sshd: user1@pts/34 user1 10785 10723 0 16:09 pts/34 00:00:00 -bash user1 11334 1 0 16:09 pts/34 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/clustervis -h c23n20,c23n19,c23n18,c23n17,c23n16,c22n24,c22n06,c21n25 user1 11870 11334 0 16:09 pts/34 00:00:00 pmview -h c23n20 -title SGI PCP : Cluster Node Activity -xrm *iconName: clustervis user1 11877 11870 0 16:09 ? 00:00:00 /usr/share/pcp/bin/pmtime -h -p /tmp/pmview.agWVsT -D 0 user1 12083 10785 0 16:10 pts/34 00:00:00 ps -ef user1 12084 10785 0 16:10 pts/34 00:00:00 grep user1 [bono:~/pbs-examples]$
- The -f and -u username will display all processes belong to that user
[bono:~/pbs-examples]$ ps -f -u user1 UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD user1 10723 10651 0 16:09 ? 00:00:00 sshd: user1@pts/34 user1 10785 10723 0 16:09 pts/34 00:00:00 -bash user1 20863 1 0 16:43 pts/34 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/clustervis -h c user1 21382 20863 0 16:43 pts/34 00:00:00 pmview -h c23n20 -title SGI PCP user1 21387 21382 0 16:43 ? 00:00:00 /usr/share/pcp/bin/pmtime -h -p user1 21897 10785 0 16:44 pts/34 00:00:00 ps -f -u user1 [bono:~/pbs-examples]$